The method makes it possible to record values as low as two particles per 100 ml of sample. Science papercraft bacteriophage free papercraft download. The bacteriophage and its behavior by dherelle, felix. A total of 10 bacterial strains were used for the determination of phage susceptibility, phage propagation and the recombination of t2. Bacteriophage therapy from lab to clinical practice. The hersheychase experiment free download as powerpoint presentation. Pdf characterization of rna synthesized in escherichia. This method is similar to the technique used for counting coliform bacteria. Part 2 bacteriophages as contaminants and indicator 55.
Chapters guide readers through regulatory compliance and safety aspects of bacteriophage therapy. Pdf structure and morphogenesis of bacteriophage t4. It contains linear doublestranded dna, and is covered by a protective protein coat. Pdf bacteriophages are ubiquitous in our world, mainly in the oceans, soil, the water and food we consume. A bacteriophage also known informally as a phage is a virus that infects and replicates within. Smith, george hathorn, 1885publication date 1926 topics bacteriophages publisher baltimore, md. In 1952 alfred day hershey and martha chase used the t2 bacteriophage in a famous experiment in which they demonstrated that only the nucleic acids of phage molecules were required for their replication within bacteria.
Infection of escherichia coli by t2 and t4 bacteriophages. There is a tremendous specificity in the interaction between the virus and the host. T2 bacteriophage definition of t2 bacteriophage by. Addition of a small number of t1 bacteriophage allows each to infect a single bacterium, where it uses the cells dna to reproduce more of itself, eventually causing lysis and release of more phage particles. Pyo bacteriophage is used as a disinfecting agent by phage soaked bandages applied directly into a cavity wound, including abscess, abdominal, pleural, nasal, urinary bladder, uterine, vaginal the preparation may be used orally per os, andor by urinary catheter or rectally per rectum via enema.
Escherichia coli bacteriophages t2, t4, and t6 encode a dna topo ii that is different from the host enzymes. Which of the following people conducted the experiments that demonstrated that dna is the genetic material of bacteriophages. Bacteriophage receptors, mechanisms of phage adsorption. The estimation of low numbers of the escherichia coli bacteriophage was made possible by use of the most probable number mpn method. Multiplying the average mass by avogadros number gave molecular weights which were in good agreement with literature values. X174 leviviridae single stranded rna ms2 lipothrixviridae ttv1 fuselloviridae ssv1 plasmaviridae double stranded rna phi6 66 cystoviridae. Escherichia virus t4 is a species of bacteriophages that infect escherichia coli bacteria. The morphology of various bacteriophage can be diverse, but commonly consist of a head containing the nucleic acid, and a. The statistical results were computed by referring to tables. Techniques for bacteriophage cultures download pdf learn techniques to prepare media and culture coliphage cultures. Download englishus transcript pdf so in this last lecture, what id like to do is id like to now begin to talk about genetics. Protein gp37 shaping tail fibers governs receptor recognition in phage t4 montag et al.
Bacteriophage prokaryotes as host subcellular structure without metabolic machinery double stranded dna, single stranded dna, rna virulent phage vs. Phages infect bacteria and can propagate in two possible ways. Most of the phages have polyhedral capsid except filamentous phages 2. T2 bacteriophage a bacteriophage that attacks e coli. Pdf bacteriophages and their structural organisation. Mass and molecular weight of bacteriophages t 2 and t 5. In combination with classical phage molecular genetics, new structural, genomic, and singlemolecule technologies have rendered an. To perfor m a plaque assay, a sample to be tested is first serially diluted. On the nature of gene 49defective heads and their role as intermediates. The effect of coriander extract on the replication of t2. Bacteriophage means to eat bacteria, and are called so because. While all canada revenue agency web content is accessible, we also provide our forms and publications in alternate formats digital audio, electronic text, braille, and large print to allow persons with disabilities to. Single or doublestranded surrounded by protein capsid. Double stranded dna, enveloped double stranded dna, nonenveloped myoviridae siphoviridae podoviridae p2 t2.
Its genome consists of linear doublestranded dna, with repeats at either end. Virus classification is based on characteristics such as morphology, type of nucleic acid, replication mode, host. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Bacteriophage fact sheet morgridge institute for research. The electron microscope has been used to determine the average mass of t 2 and t 5. View the animation below, then complete the quiz to test your knowledge of the concept. T2 bacteriophage a bacteriophage that attacks e coli termed a coliphage from ecol 320 at university of arizona. Bacteriophage mit opencourseware free online course. Bacteria strains, bacteriophages, plasmids and primers. T2 is a tailed phage, one of a group known as the t4like viruses. Genomes may encode as few as four genes, and as many as hundreds of genes. T2 phage is more properly called enterobacteria phage t2. T2 bacteriophage t 2 bacteriophage a particularly virulent bacteriophage that infects escherichia coli and was used by hershey and chase to demonstrate that the genetic material of phages is dna. The infection of escherichia coli by t2 and t4 bacteriophages as seen in the electron microscope.
Bacteriophage bacteriophages are viruses that parasitize bacteria. It is a virulent bacteriophage which infects escherichia coli bacteria. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 3. If the pdf does not display below, you may also download it here.
Bacteriophages attacking escherichia coli are called coliphages or tphages. The teven phages, t2, t4, and t6, were used as model systems for the study of virus multiplication. Biochemists, for the most part, study how proteins work. Feb 15, 2017 this science papercraft is a bacteriophage paper model, created by shinaig. A study of the physiological effects of t2 ghosts, prepared by the method of anderson, has been made. The primary purpose of the present investigation was to obtain further information on the rna synthesized in e.
Enterobacteria phage t2 is a virus that infects and kills e. Also known as phages coming from the root word phagein meaning to eat, these viruses can be found everywhere bacteria exist including, in the soil, deep within the earths crust, inside plants and animals, and even in the oceans. Particular attention was focused on the physical nature of the rna formed and its. Pdf bacteriophages and their applications researchgate. Enterobacteria phage t2 an overview sciencedirect topics.
A bacteriophage is any one of a number of viruses that infect bacteria. Plaque assay of t2 bacteriophage in this exercise, you will use the plaque assay procedure to determine the concentration or titer of bacteriophage t2. This volume details the experimental approaches suitable for isolating and characterizing bacteriophages to formulating bacteriophage medicinal products and clinical application. The term phage is an abbreviation of the word bacteriophage. And what genetics does, steadying function, its enable one to discover genes. Infection and lysis clears a small plaque in the bacterial lawn, which appear here as dark grey circles. Recent applications of bacteriophagebased electrodes. Bacteriophages were jointly discovered by frederick twort 1915 in england and by felix dherelle 1917 at the pasteur institute in france. Max delbruck 1938 numbered coliphages as teven phages t2, t4, t6 etc. Sitespecific recombination of t2 phage using ip008 long. Bacteriophage t1 is one of the many phages isolated by milislav demerec and was originally identified by the greek letter. A typical lytic phage goes through a replication cycle starting with the specific attachment of the virus to a distinct cell surface receptor. A new gene of bacteriophage t4 determining immunity against superinfecting ghosts and phage. It is a member of virus subfamily tevenvirinae not to be confused with teven bacteriophages, which is an alternate name of the species and includes among other strains or isolates enterobacteria phage t2, enterobacteria phage t4 and enterobacteria.
The region is made up by approximately 14 amino acid residues and contains a large amount of histidine residues, responsible for ompc recognition. T2 phage simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The bacterial strains, bacteriophages and plasmid used in our study are listed in table 1. Bacteriophage have either dna or rna as their genetic material, in either circular or linear configuration, as a single or a doublestranded molecule. Download as pptx, pdf, txt or read online from scribd. The petri dish is covered by a uniform light grey lawn of e. And when we talked early on in the semester i was showing you this way that you can study biological function. Links to pubmed are also available for selected references.